Rules of Stretching: Al-Madd Explained

1. Madd Asli (Natural Prolongation)

Description: Basic prolongation (ا، و، ي) extended for two counts.

Example: قَالَ (Qala) – Surah Maryam, 19:25

2. Madd Badal

Description: Hamza precedes a Madd letter. Prolonged for two counts.

Example: إِيمَانًا (Imanan) – Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:285

3. Madd Leen

Description: Applied to a Yaa (ي) or Waw (و) with a sukoon preceded by a letter with a fathah.

Example: خَوْفٍ (Khauf) – Surah Al-Imran, 3:175

4. Madd ‘Aridh Lis-Sukoon (Temporary Prolongation)

Description: Occurs at the end of a word where there’s a sukoon due to stopping. Prolonged for two, four, or six counts.

Example: مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ (Maliki Yawmid-Deen) – Surah Al-Fatiha, 1:4

5. Madd Wajib Mutasil

Description: When a Hamza follows a Madd letter in the same word. Prolonged for four or five counts.

Example: قُرْآنٌ (Qur’aanun) – Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:185

6. Madd Jaiz Munfasil

Description: When a Hamza follows a Madd letter but in two different words. Prolonged for two, four, or five counts.

Example: يَا أَيُّهَا (Ya Ayyuha) – Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:21

7. Madd Lazim (Compulsory Prolongation)

Description: Occurs when a Madd letter is followed by a letter with a Shaddah or sukoon. Prolonged for six counts.

7a. Madd Lazim Kalimi Muthaqqal: A Madd letter followed by a Shaddah in the same word.

Example: الضَّالِّينَ (Ad-Daallin) – Surah Al-Fatiha, 1:7

7b. Madd Lazim Kalimi Mukhaffaf: A Madd letter followed by a sukoon in the same word.

Example: ءَآلٰۡٔنَ (Al-An’am 6:91)

7c. Madd Lazim Harfi Muthaqqal: Occurs in the beginning letters of some Surahs where the letter is pronounced heavy.

Example: الٓمٓ (Alif Laam Meem) – Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:1

7d. Madd Lazim Harfi Mukhaffaf: Occurs in the beginning letters of some Surahs where the letter is pronounced light.

Example: حمٓ (Ha Meem) – Surah Al-A’raf, 7:1

8. Madd Iwad

Description: Applied when stopping on a Tanween Fathah ( ـً ) at the end of a word. Prolonged for two counts.

Example: هُدًى (Hudan) – Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:2

9. Madd Silah (Connecting Prolongation)

Description: Occurs when a pronoun (هاء الكناية) is followed by a Hamza.

9a. Madd Silah Qasira (Short): Prolonged for two counts.

Example: إِنَّهُ كَانَ (Innahu Kana) – Surah Al-Israa, 17:1

9b. Madd Silah Tawila (Long): Prolonged for four or five counts.

Example: لَهُ أَصْحَابٌ (Lahu Ashabun) – Surah Al-Buruj, 85:7