1.Incorrect Pronunciation of Letters
Description: Mispronouncing letters like ع, غ, خ, etc.
Example from the Qur’an: غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ (Al-Baqarah 2:173)
Correction: Practice articulation with a teacher or use online resources.
2.Ignoring Izhar
Description: Not pronouncing Noon Sakinah and Tanween clearly before throat letters.
Example from the Qur’an: مَنْ أَسْلَمَ (Al-Baqarah 2:112)
Correction: Ensure clear pronunciation with no nasal sound.
3.Mistakes in Idgham
Description: Incorrect merging of Noon Sakinah/Tanween before (ي، م، ن، و).
Example from the Qur’an: مَنْ يَعْمَلْ (An-Nisa 4:123)
Correction: Merge letters properly; pronounce with nasalization.
4.Neglecting Ikhfa
Description: Not applying partial concealment of sound before (ت، ث، ج، د) etc.
Example from the Qur’an: مِنْ تَحْتِهَا (At-Tawbah 9:100)
Correction: Conceal sound slightly; practice nasalization.
5.Incorrect Iqlab
Description: Mispronouncing Noon Sakinah/Tanween followed by ب.
Example from the Qur’an: مَنْ بَعْدِهِمْ (Yusuf 12:110)
Correction: Convert sound to م with nasalization.
6.Incorrect Madd (Prolongation)
Description: Misapplying the rules of elongation.
Example from the Qur’an: قَالَ إِنِّي خَائِفٌ (Maryam 19:17)
Correction: Learn different types of Madd and practice them.
7.Ignoring Sukun
Description: Not clearly pronouncing letters with Sukun.
Example from the Qur’an: قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ (Al-Ikhlas 112:1)
Correction: Practice articulating letters with Sukun correctly.
8.Mispronouncing Qalqalah
Description: Failing to echo certain letters (ق، ط، ب، ج، د).
Example from the Qur’an: فَاقْضِ مَا أَنتَ قَاضٍ (Ta-Ha 20:72)
Correction: Practice the slight echo or bounce of these letters.
9.Inconsistent Ghunna (Nasalization)
Description: Incorrect nasalization of letters requiring Ghunna.
Example from the Qur’an: إِنَّكُمْ (Al-Baqarah 2:28)
Correction: Learn when to apply nasalization and practice with examples.
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